Bikora bite: Murandasi (Internet) ikora ite?
Nibyo
UmwanditsiInternet ni umuyoboro munini uhuza za mudasobwa, telefone n’izindi mashini ku Isi yose, bigatuma zishobora guhanahana amakuru mu gihe gito cyane.
Ibyo dukora buri munsi nko kohereza ubutumwa, kureba video, gusura imbuga cyangwa gukoresha porogaramu, byose bishingiye ku mikorere ya murandasi(Internet).
Murandasi ushobora kuyigabanyamo ibice bitandukanye
- Iyo mu butaka
- Iyi iminara
- Iyi icyogajuru
Bimwe mu bice bigize murandasi (Internet)
- Ububiko (Servers): mudasobwa zibika amakuru
- Ibikoresho dukoresha(Clients): Telefoni, mudasobwa n’ibindi dukoresha
- Imiyoboro (networks): Iyi niyo ihuza ibi bikoresho 2 bivuzwe haruguru
- Itumanaho n'imigozi: Fibre optique, Satellite, Radio
Iyo ukanze ku rubuga, bigenda bite?
Buri rubuga cyangwa se porogaramu bikenera murandasi kugira ngo bikore, biba bifite ububiko bubitse amakuru abyerekeye(server) buri ahantu runaka ku isi. Ubwo rero, iyo ukoze ikintu runaka gikenera murandasi, urugero wenda ufunguye urwo urubuga cg ufunguye porogaramu runaka, igikoresho/mudasobwa yawe isaba amakuru ku bubiko(server) bubitse amakuru y’urwo rubuga cyangwa se iyo porogaramu. Igikoresho cyawe gihindura ubwo busabe mu buryo busomwa n’imashini bwitwa ‘Digital data’ - (aha ubusabe bujya m’uburyo bw’ama 0 na 1), bukabona kugenda.
- Iyo igikoresho cyawe wagihuje na murandasi ukoresheje umugozi, icyo gihe ‘Digital data’ ziva kugikoresho cyawe ziri m’uburyo bw’amashanyarazi.
- Iyo igikoresho cyawe wagihuje na murandasi ukoresheje uburyo budakenera umugozi(WiFi), icyo gihe ‘Digital data’ ziva kugikoresho cyawe ziri m’uburyo bw’ibimenyetso bitagaragara(Radio Waves).
- Mu miyoboro ya ‘Fibre Optique’, zigenda m’uburyo bw’urumuri.
Aho ni naho Igisubizo kinyura kiva kuri server.
Ibindi bikenerwa kugira ngo ibyo ushatse bikugereho
IP Address
Mu magambo arambuye ni ‘Internet Protocol’. Iyi ni inimero iranga igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga. Buri gikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga kiba gifite iyacyo. Iyi, niyo ikoreshwa mu ihererekanya makuru hagati y’ibyo bikoresho(Ibifasha kumenyana). Aba ari imibare ijya kumera gutya: 93.184.216.34.
DNS(Domain Name System)
Iyi ni sisitemu ihuza izina ry’urubuga(Domain Name) na IP Address yarwo. DNS ni ngombwa kubera ko twebwe abantu, iyo dukoresha murandasi, dukoresha Amagambo asanzwe (Urugero: www.google.com) kandi Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka ‘Computer’ ntabwo biyumva. Bityo DNS ihindura ayo magambo mu rurimi Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga arirwo IP Address.
Protocol
Mu busanzwe, Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikora ibintu(Urugero: kwakira amakuru,…) mu buryo butandukanye. Ubwo rero mu gihe hari bubeho gukorana kw’Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye, Protocol iza nk’amabwiriza yumvukanyweho y’uburyo impande zombi ziri bukore ikintu runaka.
Cookies
Muri iki gihe, imbuga za interineti nyinshi zisigaye zitanga ubutumwa busaba kwemera gukoresha ibyitwa ‘Cookies’. Aya, n’imakuru akwerekeye arik kandi afitanye isano n’urubuga wasuye abikwa ku gikoresha uri gukoresha kuri murandasi kugira ngo ubutaha azakoreshwe bitabaye ngombwa kongera kuyagusaba(Urugero: Ubwoko bw’amatangazo yamamaza ukunda,...)
Kwihuta kwa murandasi
Umuvuduko amakuru agendaho uterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye. Imwe muri yo ijyanye n’uburyo amakuru mu miyoboro. Iyo asabye ikintu runaka kuri murandasi, kiba gifite uburemere runaka bupimwa mu kigero kitwa ‘bytes’. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya uburemere bwayo makuru uba utanze, agabanywa mo uduce duto cyane. Buri gace kagenda ukwako, kakanyura inzira iyo ariyo yose gashaka niyo yaba itandukanya na iyo utundi duce bigeye hamwe twaciye. Kuko uburemere bw’amakuru buba bwagabanutse bituma yihuta.
Iyi nkuru uyumvise ute?
Ishimwe
March 31, 2026Iyi ngingo yanditse muburyo bworoshye kumva. Ikigeretseho iri mu rurimi rwanjye kavukire. Mwarakoze cyane
Shema
April 17, 2026Wagize neza kugusobanurira " cookies" Kandi uko bigaragara koko 'isi yabaye isibo'
Shema
April 17, 2026Wagize neza kudusobanurira " cookies" Kandi uko bigaragara koko 'isi yabaye isibo'